{"id":1096,"date":"2019-01-01T10:00:38","date_gmt":"2019-01-01T09:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asg.k1t.eu\/?p=1096"},"modified":"2019-08-16T21:35:56","modified_gmt":"2019-08-16T19:35:56","slug":"1096","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asg.k1t.eu\/ca\/2019\/01\/01\/1096\/","title":{"rendered":"La efici\u00e8ncia del regadiu del Sistema Segarra-Garrigues"},"content":{"rendered":"

La efici\u00e8ncia del regadiu del Sistema Segarra-Garrigues<\/span><\/h1><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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El Mediterrani presenta unes caracter\u00edstiques climatol\u00f2giques molt particulars, que condicionen la relaci\u00f3 dels seus habitants amb els recursos h\u00eddrics disponibles. El fet que la pluja durant l’any es reparteixi de manera menys uniforme \u2013cada vegada m\u00e9s extrema- i els llargs per\u00edodes de sequera s\u00f3n caracter\u00edstiques rellevants. Per aquesta ra\u00f3, al Mediterrani es t\u00e9 const\u00e0ncia de regadius des de temps remots, i aquests, han estat potenciats i millorats per les diferents generacions que s’han anat succeint.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des de sempre ha estat una preocupaci\u00f3 el prove\u00efment d’aliments a la poblaci\u00f3. I el reg, \u00e9s a dir, aportar aigua als cultius per a poder incrementar i estabilitzar la seva producci\u00f3 (o per a poder conrear esp\u00e8cies en \u00e0rees on no seria possible) sempre ha estat una eina per a aconseguir-ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Actualment, el requeriment d’aliments a nivell mundial s’est\u00e0 incrementant enormement, no nom\u00e9s a causa d’un augment de la poblaci\u00f3, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 per la transformaci\u00f3 dels h\u00e0bits alimentaris d’alguns pa\u00efsos importants com la Xina, l’\u00cdndia i algun pa\u00eds sud-americ\u00e0. Aix\u00f2 suposa la necessitat de produir aliments, sense la possibilitat d’incrementar molt la superf\u00edcie de producci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, cada dia es considera m\u00e9s imprescindible l’autoprove\u00efment, i si no \u00e9s possible al 100%, ser\u00e0 necessari minimitzar la depend\u00e8ncia exterior d’aquest sector estrat\u00e8gic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Resumint, d’una banda ens trobem amb un b\u00e9 esc\u00e0s, l’aigua, i d’altra banda aquest b\u00e9 \u00e9s imprescindible per a poder atendre unes necessitats creixents. Compatibilitzar aquestes dues realitats \u00e9s possible gr\u00e0cies a l’efici\u00e8ncia dels regadius. Avui dia no s’hauria de plantejar un nou regadiu sense la introducci\u00f3 dels \u00faltims avan\u00e7os tecnol\u00f2gics que permetin estalviar aigua i energia. I \u00e9s que actualment, i m\u00e9s davant els reptes del canvi clim\u00e0tic, fer un \u00fas eficient de l’aigua \u00e9s una obligaci\u00f3. Aquests avan\u00e7os comporten la implementaci\u00f3 de tots els mitjans t\u00e8cnics necessaris per a obtenir el m\u00e0xim rendiment per cada gota d’aigua que entra en el sistema amb un m\u00e0xim respecte pel medi ambient.<\/span><\/p>\n

En un gran regadiu com el Segarra-Garrigues que segueix en fase de construcci\u00f3, els avan\u00e7os tecnol\u00f2gics s’implementen en tots els nivells, des del transport de l’aigua fins al cultiu implantat passant pel magatzematge i l’aplicaci\u00f3 de l’aigua. Per a poder valorar que estem parlant necessitem entendre que el cam\u00ed que segueix l’aigua des del seu origen fins al cultiu d’una parcel\u00b7la \u00e9s llarg, ja que una gota que sali de l’embassament de\u00a0Rialbpot arribar a la seva destinaci\u00f3 sis o set dies despr\u00e9s i amb un recorregut superior als 100 Km. En aquestes condicions, els avan\u00e7os tecnol\u00f2gics utilitzats al llarg de tot el trajecte per a aconseguir elevades efici\u00e8ncies en el seu conjunt s\u00f3n molts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per a aconseguir una xarxa m\u00e9s eficient, el Segarra-Garrigues busca que la totalitat de l’aigua que s’utilitza des de l’embassament de\u00a0Rialb\u00a0tingui les m\u00ednimes p\u00e8rdues possibles. Aix\u00f2 s’aconsegueix a trav\u00e9s d’un canal totalment formigonada, de la impermeabilitzaci\u00f3 amb pl\u00e0stic de totes les basses i de la pressuritzaci\u00f3 de l’extensa xarxa de canonades. A m\u00e9s, la xarxa est\u00e0 totalment\u00a0telecontrolada\u00a0\u2013gestionada per personal altament qualificat- i els sistemes de reg en parcel\u00b7la s\u00f3n localitzats o per aspersi\u00f3, per\u00f2 mai per inundaci\u00f3. Igual d’importants s\u00f3n altres t\u00e8cniques que es posen a l’abast de l’agricultor com, per exemple, aplicacions amb recomanacions personalitzades de la quantitat d’aigua necess\u00e0ria per als seus cultius, t\u00e8cniques de teledetecci\u00f3 i camps experimentals on s’assagen nous cultius, varietats i t\u00e8cniques.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’efici\u00e8ncia d’un regadiu modern pot situar-se entre el 65% i el 85%, i en els sistemes de reg tradicionals per sota del 50%. La\u00a0Ag\u00e8ncia\u00a0Catalana de l\u2019Aigua\u00a0(ACA)\u00a0estima que l’aigua destinada a agricultura \u00e9s el 73% de l’aigua utilitzada en tota Catalunya i, segons l’enquesta sobre l’\u00fas de l’aigua en el sector agrari de Catalunya realitzada l’any 2006 (INE 2008), el 75% del consum d’aigua del sector es destina a finques regades amb sistemes de reg per gravetat tradicionals, un 15% amb\u00a0aspersores\u00a0i un 10% \u00a0per degoteig.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per tant, per a produir m\u00e9s i, al mateix temps, disminuir el consum d’aigua \u00e9s necessari modernitzar els regadius tradicionals, ja que podria millorar-se l’efici\u00e8ncia en m\u00e9s d’un 25% en la majoria de finques regades actualment per gravetat. Aix\u00f2 contribuiria a rebaixar aquesta xifra de consum agr\u00edcola del 73% i, al mateix temps, incrementar les produccions. Per a continuar disminuint el consum d’aigua \u00e9s necessari, tamb\u00e9, continuar treballant els regadius moderns per a incrementar la seva efici\u00e8ncia amb noves t\u00e8cniques i, per tant, la recerca en centres com el\u00a0IRTA, continua sent essencial.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, nom\u00e9s amb l’\u00fas racional de l’aigua a tots els nivells ens permetr\u00e0 comptabilitzar les necessitats i la disponibilitat d’aquest recurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Miquel\u00a0Sacrest<\/span><\/p>\n

Director d’Explotaci\u00f3 i Projectes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1097,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avisos"],"yoast_head":"\nLa efici\u00e8ncia del regadiu del Sistema Segarra-Garrigues - Aig\u00fces del Segarra Garrigues<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asg.k1t.eu\/ca\/2019\/01\/01\/1096\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La efici\u00e8ncia del regadiu del Sistema Segarra-Garrigues - 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